/*******************************************************************************

    copyright:  Copyright (C) 2007 Daniel Keep.  All rights reserved.

    license:    BSD style: $(LICENSE)

    version:    Initial release: July 2007

    author:     Daniel Keep

*******************************************************************************/

module tango.io.stream.Bzip;

private import tango.util.compress.c.bzlib;

private import tango.core.Exception : IOException;

private import tango.io.device.Conduit : InputFilter, OutputFilter;

private import tango.io.model.IConduit : InputStream, OutputStream, IConduit;

private
{
    /* This constant controls the size of the input/output buffers we use
     * internally.  There's no particular reason to pick this size.  It might
     * be an idea to run some benchmarks to work out what a good number is.
     */
    private enum { BUFFER_SIZE = 4*1024 };

    private enum { DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE = 9 };
    private enum { DEFAULT_WORKFACTOR = 0 };
}

/*******************************************************************************
  
    This output filter can be used to perform compression of data into a bzip2
    stream.

*******************************************************************************/

class BzipOutput : OutputFilter
{
    /***************************************************************************

        This enumeration represents several pre-defined compression block
        sizes, measured in hundreds of kilobytes.  See the documentation for
        the BzipOutput class' constructor for more details.

    ***************************************************************************/

    enum BlockSize : int
    {
        Normal = 9,
        Fast = 1,
        Best = 9,
    }

    private
    {
        bool bzs_valid = false;
        bz_stream bzs;
        ubyte[] out_chunk;
        size_t _written = 0;
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Constructs a new bzip2 compression filter.  You need to pass in the
        stream that the compression filter will write to.  If you are using
        this filter with a conduit, the idiom to use is:

        ---
        auto output = new BzipOutput(myConduit.output);
        output.write(myContent);
        ---

        blockSize relates to the size of the window bzip2 uses when
        compressing data and determines how much memory is required to
        decompress a stream.  It is measured in hundreds of kilobytes.
        
        ccording to the bzip2 documentation, there is no dramatic difference
        between the various block sizes, so the default should suffice in most
        cases.

        BlockSize.Normal (the default) is the same as BlockSize.Best
        (or 9).  The blockSize may be any integer between 1 and 9 inclusive.

    ***************************************************************************/

    this(OutputStream stream, int blockSize = BlockSize.Normal)
    {
        init(stream, blockSize);
        scope(failure) kill_bzs();

        super(stream);
        out_chunk = new ubyte[BUFFER_SIZE];
    }

    /*
     * This method performs initialisation for the stream.  Note that this may
     * be called more than once for an instance, provided the instance is
     * either new or as part of a call to reset.
     */
    private void init(OutputStream stream, int blockSize)
    {
        if( blockSize < 1 || blockSize > 9 )
            throw new BzipException("bzip2 block size must be between"
                    " 1 and 9");

        auto ret = BZ2_bzCompressInit(&bzs, blockSize, 0, DEFAULT_WORKFACTOR);
        if( ret != BZ_OK )
            throw new BzipException(ret);

        bzs_valid = true;
    }

    ~this()
    {
        if( bzs_valid )
            kill_bzs();
    }

    /***************************************************************************
        
        Resets and re-initialises this instance.

        If you are creating compression streams inside a loop, you may wish to
        use this method to re-use a single instance.  This prevents the
        potentially costly re-allocation of internal buffers.

        The stream must have already been closed before calling reset.

    ***************************************************************************/ 

    void reset(OutputStream stream, int blockSize = BlockSize.Normal)
    {
        // If the stream is still valid, bail.
        if( bzs_valid )
            throw new BzipStillOpenException;

        init(stream, blockSize);
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Compresses the given data to the underlying conduit.

        Returns the number of bytes from src that were compressed, which may
        be less than given.

    ***************************************************************************/

    override size_t write(const(void)[] src)
    {
        check_valid();
        scope(failure) kill_bzs();

        bzs.avail_in = cast(uint)src.length;
        bzs.next_in = cast(ubyte*)src.ptr;

        do
        {
            bzs.avail_out = cast(uint)out_chunk.length;
            bzs.next_out = out_chunk.ptr;

            auto ret = BZ2_bzCompress(&bzs, BZ_RUN);
            if( ret != BZ_RUN_OK )
                throw new BzipException(ret);

            // Push the compressed bytes out to the stream, until it's either
            // written them all, or choked.
            auto have = out_chunk.length-bzs.avail_out;
            auto out_buffer = out_chunk[0..have];
            do
            {
                auto w = sink.write(out_buffer);
                if( w == IConduit.Eof )
                    return w;

                out_buffer = out_buffer[w..$];
                _written += w;
            }
            while( out_buffer.length > 0 );
        }
        // Loop while we are still using up the whole output buffer
        while( bzs.avail_out == 0 );

        assert( bzs.avail_in == 0, "failed to compress all provided data" );

        return src.length;
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        This read-only property returns the number of compressed bytes that
        have been written to the underlying stream.  Following a call to
        either close or commit, this will contain the total compressed size of
        the input data stream.

    ***************************************************************************/

    size_t written()
    {
        return _written;
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Close the compression stream.  This will cause any buffered content to
        be committed to the underlying stream.

    ***************************************************************************/

    override void close()
    {
        if( bzs_valid ) commit();
        super.close();
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Purge any buffered content.  Calling this will implicitly end the
        bzip2 stream, so it should not be called until you are finished
        compressing data.  Any calls to either write or commit after a
        compression filter has been committed will throw an exception.

        The only difference between calling this method and calling close is
        that the underlying stream will not be closed.

    ***************************************************************************/

    void commit()
    {
        check_valid();
        scope(failure) kill_bzs();

        bzs.avail_in = 0;
        bzs.next_in = null;

        bool finished = false;

        do
        {
            bzs.avail_out = cast(uint)out_chunk.length;
            bzs.next_out = out_chunk.ptr;

            auto ret = BZ2_bzCompress(&bzs, BZ_FINISH);
            switch( ret )
            {
                case BZ_FINISH_OK:
                    break;

                case BZ_STREAM_END:
                    finished = true;
                    break;

                default:
                    throw new BzipException(ret);
            }

            auto have = out_chunk.length - bzs.avail_out;
            auto out_buffer = out_chunk[0..have];
            if( have > 0 )
            {
                do
                {
                    auto w = sink.write(out_buffer);
                    if( w == IConduit.Eof )
                        return;

                    out_buffer = out_buffer[w..$];
                    _written += w;
                }
                while( out_buffer.length > 0 );
            }
        }
        while( !finished );

        kill_bzs();
    }

    // Disable seeking
    override long seek(long offset, Anchor anchor = Anchor.Begin)
    {
        throw new IOException("BzipOutput does not support seek requests");
    }

    // This function kills the stream: it deallocates the internal state, and
    // unsets the bzs_valid flag.
    private void kill_bzs()
    {
        check_valid();

        BZ2_bzCompressEnd(&bzs);
        bzs_valid = false;
    }

    // Asserts that the stream is still valid and usable (except that this
    // check doesn't get elided with -release).
    private void check_valid()
    {
        if( !bzs_valid )
            throw new BzipClosedException;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
  
    This input filter can be used to perform decompression of bzip2 streams.

*******************************************************************************/

class BzipInput : InputFilter
{
    private
    {
        bool bzs_valid = false;
        bz_stream bzs;
        ubyte[] in_chunk;
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Constructs a new bzip2 decompression filter.  You need to pass in the
        stream that the decompression filter will read from.  If you are using
        this filter with a conduit, the idiom to use is:

        ---
        auto input = new BzipInput(myConduit.input);
        input.read(myContent);
        ---

        The small argument, if set to true, instructs bzip2 to perform
        decompression using half the regular amount of memory, at the cost of
        running at half speed.

    ***************************************************************************/

    this(InputStream stream, bool small=false)
    {
        init(stream, small);
        scope(failure) kill_bzs();

        super(stream);
        in_chunk = new ubyte[BUFFER_SIZE];
    }

    /*
     * This method performs initialisation for the stream.  Note that this may
     * be called more than once for an instance, provided the instance is
     * either new or as part of a call to reset.
     */
    private void init(InputStream stream, bool small)
    {
        auto ret = BZ2_bzDecompressInit(&bzs, 0, small?1:0);
        if( ret != BZ_OK )
            throw new BzipException(ret);

        bzs_valid = true;
    }

    ~this()
    {
        if( bzs_valid )
            kill_bzs();
    }

    /***************************************************************************
        
        Resets and re-initialises this instance.

        If you are creating compression streams inside a loop, you may wish to
        use this method to re-use a single instance.  This prevents the
        potentially costly re-allocation of internal buffers.

        The stream must have already been closed before calling reset.

    ***************************************************************************/ 

    void reset(InputStream stream, bool small=false)
    {
        // If the stream is still valid, bail.
        if( bzs_valid )
            throw new BzipStillOpenException;

        init(stream, small);
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Decompresses data from the underlying conduit into a target array.

        Returns the number of bytes stored into dst, which may be less than
        requested.

    ***************************************************************************/ 

    override size_t read(void[] dst)
    {
        if( !bzs_valid )
            return IConduit.Eof;

        scope(failure) kill_bzs();

        bool finished = false;

        bzs.avail_out = cast(uint)dst.length;
        bzs.next_out = cast(ubyte*)dst.ptr;

        do
        {
            if( bzs.avail_in == 0 )
            {
                auto len = source.read(in_chunk);
                if( len == IConduit.Eof )
                    return IConduit.Eof;

                bzs.avail_in = cast(uint)len;
                bzs.next_in = in_chunk.ptr;
            }

            auto ret = BZ2_bzDecompress(&bzs);
            if( ret == BZ_STREAM_END )
            {
                kill_bzs();
                finished = true;
            }
            else if( ret != BZ_OK )
                throw new BzipException(ret);
        }
        while( !finished && bzs.avail_out > 0 );

        return dst.length - bzs.avail_out;
    }

    /***************************************************************************

        Closes the compression stream.

    ***************************************************************************/ 

    override void close()
    {
        check_valid();

        // Kill the stream.  Don't deallocate the buffer since the user may
        // yet reset the stream.
        kill_bzs();
        super.close();
    }

    // Disable seeking
    override long seek(long offset, Anchor anchor = Anchor.Begin)
    {
        throw new IOException("BzipOutput does not support seek requests");
    }

    // This function kills the stream: it deallocates the internal state, and
    // unsets the bzs_valid flag.
    private void kill_bzs()
    {
        check_valid();

        BZ2_bzDecompressEnd(&bzs);
        bzs_valid = false;
    }

    // Asserts that the stream is still valid and usable (except that this
    // check doesn't get elided with -release).
    private void check_valid()
    {
        if( !bzs_valid )
            throw new BzipClosedException;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
  
    This exception is thrown when an error occurs in the underlying bzip2
    library.

*******************************************************************************/

class BzipException : IOException
{
    this(in int code)
    {
        super(codeName(code));
    }

    this(string msg)
    {
        super(msg);
    }

    private string codeName(in int code)
    {
        string name;

        switch( code )
        {
            case BZ_OK:                 name = "BZ_OK";                 break;
            case BZ_RUN_OK:             name = "BZ_RUN_OK";             break;
            case BZ_FLUSH_OK:           name = "BZ_FLUSH_OK";           break;
            case BZ_STREAM_END:         name = "BZ_STREAM_END";         break;
            case BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR:     name = "BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR";     break;
            case BZ_PARAM_ERROR:        name = "BZ_PARAM_ERROR";        break;
            case BZ_MEM_ERROR:          name = "BZ_MEM_ERROR";          break;
            case BZ_DATA_ERROR:         name = "BZ_DATA_ERROR";         break;
            case BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC:   name = "BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC";   break;
            case BZ_IO_ERROR:           name = "BZ_IO_ERROR";           break;
            case BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF:     name = "BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF";     break;
            case BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL:       name = "BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL";       break;
            case BZ_CONFIG_ERROR:       name = "BZ_CONFIG_ERROR";       break;
            default:                    name = "BZ_UNKNOWN";
        }

        return name;
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
  
    This exception is thrown if you attempt to perform a read, write or flush
    operation on a closed bzip2 filter stream.  This can occur if the input
    stream has finished, or an output stream was flushed.

*******************************************************************************/

class BzipClosedException : IOException
{
    this()
    {
        super("cannot operate on closed bzip2 stream");
    }
}

/*******************************************************************************
  
    This exception is thrown if you attempt to reset a compression stream that
    is still open.  You must either close or commit a stream before it can be
    reset.

*******************************************************************************/

class BzipStillOpenException : IOException
{
    this()
    {
        super("cannot reset an open bzip2 stream");
    }
}

/* *****************************************************************************

    This section contains a simple unit test for this module.  It is hidden
    behind a version statement because it introduces additional dependencies.

***************************************************************************** */

debug(UnitTest):

import tango.io.device.Array : Array;

unittest
{
    enum immutable(char)[] message =
        "All dwarfs are by nature dutiful, serious, literate, obedient "
        "and thoughtful people whose only minor failing is a tendency, "
        "after one drink, to rush at enemies screaming \"Arrrrrrgh!\" and "
        "axing their legs off at the knee.";

    const ubyte[] message_z = [
        0x42, 0x5a, 0x68, 0x39, 0x31, 0x41, 0x59, 0x26,
        0x53, 0x59, 0x40, 0x98, 0xbe, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x00,
        0x16, 0xd5, 0x80, 0x10, 0x00, 0x70, 0x05, 0x20,
        0x00, 0x3f, 0xef, 0xde, 0xe0, 0x30, 0x00, 0xac,
        0xd8, 0x8a, 0x3d, 0x34, 0x6a, 0x6d, 0x4c, 0x4f,
        0x24, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x08, 0x98, 0x9b, 0x48, 0x9a,
        0x7a, 0x80, 0x00, 0x06, 0xa6, 0xd2, 0xa7, 0xe9,
        0xaa, 0x37, 0xa8, 0xd4, 0xf5, 0x3f, 0x54, 0x63,
        0x51, 0xe9, 0x2d, 0x4b, 0x99, 0xe1, 0xcc, 0xca,
        0xda, 0x75, 0x04, 0x42, 0x14, 0xc8, 0x6a, 0x8e,
        0x23, 0xc1, 0x3e, 0xb1, 0x8a, 0x16, 0xd2, 0x55,
        0x9a, 0x3e, 0x56, 0x1a, 0xb1, 0x83, 0x11, 0xa6,
        0x50, 0x4f, 0xd3, 0xed, 0x21, 0x40, 0xaa, 0xd1,
        0x95, 0x2c, 0xda, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0x0e, 0xce, 0x65,
        0xfc, 0x63, 0xf2, 0x88, 0x5b, 0x36, 0xda, 0xf0,
        0xf5, 0xd2, 0x9c, 0xe6, 0xf1, 0x87, 0x12, 0x87,
        0xce, 0x56, 0x0c, 0xf5, 0x65, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0xd6,
        0x27, 0x61, 0x2b, 0x74, 0xcd, 0x5e, 0x3b, 0x02,
        0x42, 0x4e, 0x0b, 0x80, 0xa8, 0x70, 0x04, 0x48,
        0xfb, 0x93, 0x4c, 0x41, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0xdf, 0xf2,
        0x67, 0x37, 0x28, 0xad, 0x38, 0xd4, 0x5c, 0xd6,
        0x34, 0x8b, 0x49, 0x5e, 0x90, 0xb2, 0x06, 0xce,
        0x0a, 0x83, 0x29, 0x84, 0x20, 0xd7, 0x5f, 0xc5,
        0xdc, 0x91, 0x4e, 0x14, 0x24, 0x10, 0x26, 0x2f,
        0xaa, 0x80];

    scope cond = new Array(1024, 1024);
    scope comp = new BzipOutput(cond);
    comp.write(message);
    comp.close();

    assert( comp.written() == message_z.length );

    assert( message_z == cast(ubyte[])(cond.slice()) );

    scope decomp = new BzipInput(cond);
    auto buffer = new ubyte[256];
    buffer = buffer[0 .. decomp.read(buffer)];

    assert( cast(ubyte[])message == buffer );
}